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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">myrwd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Реальная клиническая практика: данные и доказательства</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Real-World Data &amp; Evidence</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3784</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House OKI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2782-3784-myrwd-095</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GWVGOF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">myrwd-130</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГУЛЯТОРНАЯ СИСТЕМА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REGULATORY SYSTEM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор нормативно-правовых документов в сфере регулирования разработки и применения генной терапии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Review of regulatory documents governing the development and use of gene therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4992-559X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушева</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Busheva</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Игоревна Бушева, ординатор</p><p>кафедра клинической фармакологи и доказательной медицины</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana I. Busheva, resident</p><p>department of Clinical Pharmacology and Evidence-Based Medicine</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boushewa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-7133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касимова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasimova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алина Рашидовна Касимова, к. м. н., доцент, врач – клинический фармаколог</p><p>кафедра клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины; отделение клинической фармакологии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina R. Kasimova, , Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor, Clinicalpharmacologist</p><p>department of Clinical Pharmacology and Evidence-Based Medicine; Department of Clinical Pharmacology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kasi-alina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6143-5726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петриченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrichenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Сергеевна Петриченко</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia S. Petrichenko</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrichenko.nastya2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-2909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колбин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolbin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Сергеевич Колбин, д. м. н., профессор, зав. кафедрой, профессор кафедры</p><p>кафедра клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины; кафедра фармакологии; медицинский факультет</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey S. Kolbin, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department, professor of the Department</p><p>Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Evidence-Based Medicine; Medical Faculty; Department of Pharmacology</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex.kolbin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный Медицинский Университет имени академика И. П. Павлова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I. P. Pavlov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный Медицинский Университет имени академика И. П. Павлова»; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р. Р. Вредена»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I. P. Pavlov; National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R. R. Vreden</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский Государственный Медицинский Университет имени академика И. П. Павлова»; ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>First Saint Petersburg State Medical University named after Academician I. P. Pavlov; Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бушева Т.И., Касимова А.Р., Петриченко А.С., Колбин А.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бушева Т.И., Касимова А.Р., Петриченко А.С., Колбин А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Busheva T.I., Kasimova A.R., Petrichenko A.S., Kolbin A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.myrwd.ru/jour/article/view/130">https://www.myrwd.ru/jour/article/view/130</self-uri><abstract><p>Генная терапия является одним из наиболее перспективных направлений современной медицины и требует формирования устойчивых правовых механизмов регулирования в связи с потенциальной необратимостью вмешательств и возможными долгосрочными рисками.</p><p>Целью исследования являлся сравнительный анализ международных и национальных нормативно-правовых актов, регулирующих разработку, клиническое применение и пострегистрационный контроль препаратов генной терапии.</p><p>Проведён системный анализ нормативных актов Европейского союза (ЕС), США, Великобритании, Японии, Китая и Российской Федерации. Установлено, что во всех рассмотренных правовых системах генная терапия допускается исключительно в терапевтических целях и ограничивается вмешательствами в соматические клетки, тогда как наследуемые генетические изменения запрещены либо существенно ограничены. Регуляторные модели ЕС и США предусматривают ускоренные процедуры регистрации при обязательном долгосрочном наблюдении и реализации планов управления рисками. В Российской Федерации генная терапия регулируется в рамках законодательства об обращении лекарственных средств без выделения её в самостоятельную категорию. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о необходимости дальнейшей гармонизации международных подходов к регулированию генной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gene therapy is one of the most promising areas of modern medicine and requires the development of robust regulatory mechanisms due to the potential irreversibility of interventions and potential long-term risks.</p><p>The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of international and national regulations governing the development, clinical use, and post-marketing monitoring of gene therapy drugs.</p><p>A systemic analysis of regulations from the European Union (EU), the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, China, and the Russian Federation was conducted. It was found that in all legal systems examined, gene therapy is permitted exclusively for therapeutic purposes and is limited to interventions in somatic cells, while heritable genetic changes are prohibited or significantly limited. Regulatory models in the EU and the United States provide for accelerated registration procedures with mandatory long-term monitoring and the implementation of risk management plans. In the Russian Federation, gene therapy is regulated within the framework of pharmaceutical legislation, without classifying it as a separate category. These results demonstrate the need for further harmonization of international approaches to gene therapy regulation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генная терапия</kwd><kwd>правовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>биомедицинские технологии</kwd><kwd>ускоренная регистрация</kwd><kwd>фармаконадзор</kwd><kwd>долгосрочное наблюдение</kwd><kwd>биоэтика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene therapy</kwd><kwd>legal regulation</kwd><kwd>biomedical technologies</kwd><kwd>accelerated registration</kwd><kwd>pharmacovigilance</kwd><kwd>long-term surveillance</kwd><kwd>bioethics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was conducted without sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парахонский А.П. 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