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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">myrwd</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Реальная клиническая практика: данные и доказательства</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Real-World Data &amp; Evidence</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2782-3784</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House OKI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37489/2782-3784-myrwd-065</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JJYBMV</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">myrwd-88</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ACTUAL REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности фармакологической тромбопрофилактики в микрохирургии в условиях реальной клинической практики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in microsurgery in real-world clinical practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6278-7783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотухина</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotukhina</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Золотухина Инна Юрьевна — врач-травматолог-ортопед травматолого-ортопедического отделения № 13</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna U. Zolotukhina — orthopedic surgeon of the traumatological and orthopedic department No. 13</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zolotuhinai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-7133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касимова</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasimova</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Касимова Алина Рашидовна — врач — клинический фармаколог отделения клинической фармакологии; к. м. н., доцент, доцент кафедры клинической фармакологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina R. Kasimova — Clinical pharmacologist of the Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor of the department of Clinical Pharmacology and Evidence-Based Medicine</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kasi-alina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4681-8199</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Потапов Александр Николаевич — ординатор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Potapov — Resident</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alex-p278@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р. Р. Вредена»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vreden National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р. Р. Вредена»; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени И. П. Павлова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vreden National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics; First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after I. P. Pavlov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Золотухина И.Ю., Касимова А.Р., Потапов А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Золотухина И.Ю., Касимова А.Р., Потапов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zolotukhina I.Y., Kasimova A.R., Potapov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.myrwd.ru/jour/article/view/88">https://www.myrwd.ru/jour/article/view/88</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тромбоэмболические осложнения представляют собой широкий спектр патологических процессов и остаются распространённым осложнением большинства хирургических вмешательств и одной из ведущих причин неудач при пересадке свободных лоскутов. Тромбоз в месте анастомоза — это не только наиболее частая причина неудач при микрохирургических операциях, но он также является одним из факторов, приводящих к нарушению циркуляции в свободных лоскутах и как следствие неэффективности проведённого лечения.</p><p>Цель данного обзора — обсудить многочисленные пути тромбопрофилактики, которые могут сыграть роль в обеспечении выживаемости лоскута после хорошо выполненной операции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. При первичном поиске было найдено порядка 10 тысяч статей, опубликованных с 1980 по сентябрь 2024 года. После ознакомления с заголовками и абстрактами, были исключены статьи, в которых анализируются нефармакологические методы тромбопрофилактики, в которых нет указаний на конкретные лекарственны средства, нет указаний на исходы эксперимента или клинического исследования, а также статьи, опубликованные на других языках или полнотекстовые версии, которых не опубликованы в свободном доступе. Итого в обзоре проанализированы 34 полнотекстовые статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В рамках данной статьи рассмотрены лекарственные средства, фармакологическое действие которых направлено на предотвращение образования тромбов или их разрушение (антиагреганты, антикоагулянты, фибринолитики) и лекарственные средства, которые опосредовано через другие механизмы действия могут снижать вероятность образования тромбов в пересаженных лоскутах — декстран, простациклин, оксид азота. Ни в одном из проанализированных исследований нет указаний на то, что использование какой-либо группы лекарственных средств может привести к улучшению прогнозов и достоверно сократить количество периоперационных тромботических осложнений.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Необходимы исследования более высокого уровня для изучения клинического применения антитромботических препаратов в микрохирургии; однако, учитывая небольшой процент неудач в современной практике, для достижения достаточной мощности необходимо хорошо спланированное исследование, когда все операции выполняются хирургическими бригадами с релевантным опытом, а пациенты рандомизированно распределятся в группы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Thromboembolic complications represent several pathological processes and remain a common complication of most surgical interventions and one of the leading causes of failure in free flap transplantation. Thrombosis at the anastomotic site is not only the most common cause of failure in microsurgical operations, but it is also one of the factors leading to impaired circulation in free flaps and, as a consequence, the ineffectiveness of the performed treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The current review discusses the numerous ways of thromboprophylaxis that can play a role in ensuring flap survival after a well-performed surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The initial search identified approximately 10,000 articles published from 1980 to September 2024. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, articles analyzing non-pharmacological methods of thromboprophylaxis, in which there are no indications of specific drugs, no indications of the outcomes of the experiment or clinical trial, as well as articles published in other languages or full-text versions of which are not published in the public domain were excluded. In total, 34 full-text articles were analyzed in the review.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This article considers drugs whose pharmacological action is aimed at preventing the formation of blood clots or their destruction (antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, fibrinolytics) and drugs that indirectly, through other mechanisms of action, can reduce the likelihood of blood clots in transplanted flaps — dextran, prostacyclin, and nitric oxide. None of the analyzed studies indicated that the use of any group of drugs can lead to improved prognosis and reliably reduce the number of perioperative thrombotic complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Higher-level studies are needed to examine the clinical use of antithrombotic drugs in microsurgery; however, given the low failure rate in current practice, a well-designed study, with all procedures performed by surgical teams with relevant experience and patients randomized to treatment groups, is needed to achieve adequate power.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микрохирургия</kwd><kwd>свободный лоскут</kwd><kwd>антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>тромбопрофилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microsurgery</kwd><kwd>free flap</kwd><kwd>anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>thromboprophylaxis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">López-Arcas JM, Arias J, Del Castillo JL, Burgueño M, Navarro I, Morán MJ, Chamorro M, Martorell V. The fibula osteomyocutaneous flap for mandible reconstruction: a 15-year experience. 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